The neighbors have been in conflict over the disputed border region since their independence and partition in 1947.

India and Pakistan are fueling each other’s extremism without an off-ramp in sight. The conflict between India and Pakistan has just escalated faster than at any previous point since they both acquired nuclear weapons at the end of the 20th century. That may be because the two countries’ regimes have never been more alike.

After Indian forces struck Pakistan and its side of the disputed Kashmir region, Pakistani military officials said they had begun a forceful response.