The aortic wall has three distinct layers, each with specific functions and connecting ... The hallmark symptom of aortic dissection is sudden, severe chest to back pain, often associated with a cold ...

Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome, is the inflammation of the cartilage of the rib cage. Chest pain near the sternum (breastbone) is the primary symptom. It is sometimes severe ...

Between the layers is a small amount of lubricating fluid ... a tiny camera and surgical tools that are inserted through one or more small cuts in the chest wall Pleural empyema is a form of pleural ...

Malignant GCT of the thoracic wall, as identified in our case ... Most tumor cells are found in the dermis, subcutaneous layer, or the submucosa. The tumor cells are round, polygonal, or spindle ...