The most serious clash occurred when a revenue cutter cornered the smuggling vessel the Black Snake near the mouth of the Winooski River in Burlington. A smuggler and a local teenaged boy shot at the ...

As a result, Secretary of State James Madison and President Thomas Jefferson crafted the Embargo Act of 1807, which Congress passed. Madison and Jefferson sought a non-violent method to assert ...

Early American industry was limited to small-scale, home-based production until the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 spurred local manufacturing.