while red-flowering varieties of the species Aesculus carnea remain unaffected. Since the 17th century, horse chestnuts have been cultivated in parks, gardens, and streets throughout Europe for their ...
Only white-flowering horse chestnuts (Aesculus hippocastanum) are affected – red-flowering species of the Aesculus carnea are not. The horse chestnut has been cultivated in European parks, gardens, ...