In her analysis, Gorana Grgić takes stock of the NATO Summit in The Hague. She highlights how the 5 per cent of GDP agreement on defense spending reflects a conceptual shift in burden-sharing and ...

In the current debate surrounding defense capability, both energy security and climate change play a secondary role. In his new CSS analysis, Leonard Schliesser explains why increasing the energy ...

The annual Bulletin on Swiss Security Policy (Bulletin zur schweizerischen Sicherheitspolitik) deals with current issues in Swiss foreign and security policy and presents selected CSS projects. It ...

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Nadine Stalder is a Research and Teaching Assistant to Prof. Andreas Wenger at the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at ETH Zurich. Before joining CSS, she worked for the Swiss Federal Department of ...

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The world is undergoing a precarious transition marked by geopolitical tensions, economic disruption, fragmented global governance and weakening multilateralism. This volatility is notably exemplified ...

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Strategic Trends, the annual flagship publication of the Center for Security Studies (CSS) at ETH Zurich, examines in 2025 the pivotal forces and developments shaping global security, offering ...

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

NATO has designated cyberspace as a domain of warfare and recognized that an adversarial cyber campaign could trigger the Alliance’s collective defense mechanism under Article 5. Given the ...