In the process of debugging and validating both digital and RF designs, the oscilloscope Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) function and a variety of other math functions can prove valuable to designers ...

where x is a 1 ×n or n ×1 numeric vector. The FFT function returns the cosine and sine coefficients for the expansion of a vector into a sum of cosine and sine functions.

If you’ve spent any time on the Internet, at some point you’ve heard the phrase “Fourier transform.” It’s it’s a mathematical discovery that’s baked into everything from MP3s to quantum physics. Once ...

In order to perform this harmonic reduction, a pure sine wave must first be applied to the Class-D amplifier system. Using the ternary modulated bitstreams described earlier, two pulse density ...

When it comes to mathematics, the average person can probably get through most of life well enough with just basic algebra. Some simple statistical concepts would be helpful, and a little calculus ...

In my seminars I often talk about the importance of understanding at least a little electromagnetics theory, even for purely firmware people. But the subject is hard to understand and sometimes harder ...

Alain Bourdillon is a professor of Electrical Engineering at the University de Rennes. He is involved in research on Over The Horizon radar and on radio propagation. Direct frequency synthesizers have ...