The inclusion criteria for the study were pain during exercise in the ankle or foot, and a fracture line, callus or faded cortex on plain radiography indicating a stress injury of the foot.

Stress fractures of the tibia (shin bone ... and some stress fractures do not ever show on X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will show a stress fracture. A bone scan could also be ordered ...

Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS ... standing foot pronation and a history of orthotics use, MTSS or stress fracture. Muscle hernia, stress fracture and chronic exertional compartment syndrome ...

Stress fractures cause pain actually within the involved bone, usually the tibia. At first ... is confirmed with an x-ray or sometimes an MRI. Treatment is rest with or without immobilization.

Conclusions: On the basis of lower in vivo strains and strain rates, treadmill runners are at lower risk of developing tibial stress fractures, but less likely to achieve tibial bone strengthening, ...