Embryologic development of these structures is complex and only rarely are two anomalies identical. Development of the inner ear structures occurs independently of external ear structures ...

Kendyl Pool, 10, from Colorado, USA was born profoundly deaf due to malformations in her inner ears and has used American Sign Language (ASL) to communicate since she was six months old.

The os petrosum, on the other hand, is, and malformations of the os petrosum are common in thalidomide victims, resulting in damage to the inner ear and deafness. It is difficult to explain these ...