Cold-adapted animals started to evolve 2.6 million years ago when the permanent ice at the poles became more prevalent. There followed a time when the continental ice sheets expanded and contracted ...

Earth system box models are essential tools for reconstructing long-term climatic and environmental evolution and uncovering ...

Koalas with the bodies of lions. Elephants the size of your dog. Gigantic, 8-foot-tall sloths. These aren’t creatures found in science fiction: They walked our planet a million years ago, during the ...

The Earth’s climate is a dynamic entity, continuously evolving over billions of years with alternating periods of extreme heat and cold. Recent scientific studies indicate that the Earth is subtly ...