Flow is controlled by either throttling or diverting it. Throttling involves reducing orifice size until all of the flow cannot pass through the orifice; bypassing involves routing part of the flow ...

Oil field operators can use several practical equations for calculating flow rates of natural gas through venturi gas-lift valves. For critical flow, this analysis derived such equations from a ...

A single power plant uses hundreds of valves to control almost every aspect of its operation. Valves, in conjunction with a controlling actuator, are used for pollution control, feed water, cooling ...

Piezo elements are electromechanical transducers that convert mechanical forces (pressure, tensile stress or acceleration) into voltages. The inverse piezoelectric effect, precisely the opposite, ...