There are three types of bicuspid aortic valves — types 0, 1, and 2. Experts classify these types based on whether the leaflets of the valve have fused to form a ridge. A bicuspid aortic valve is a ...

Surgery is usually the best fix for a severe heart valve disease. Different types of heart valve blockages can happen, and surgery is necessary to fix these problems. Your heart is split into four ...

In hydronic heating, to control where heated water goes to various sections of a building, the system might rely on two or more zone valves. A zone valve opens or closes based on demand from a ...

Valvular heart disease, also called heart valve disease, occurs when you have a diseased or damaged heart valve. When your heart pumps blood, your valves open and close to keep blood flowing in the ...

The aortic valve allows blood to leave the heart and travel through the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. Aortic stenosis is when this heart valve narrows and doesn’t open fully. The ...

A leaky heart valve does not close properly, causing leakage between the heart chambers. Depending on the severity of the leak, there are different treatments available, from medication to surgery. A ...

Equipment for gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry is complex, with multiple subsystems that control the flow of sample analyte, carrier gas and solvent fluids. The ...

The number of patients that need heart valve surgery is steadily increasing; however, the majority of available risk-prediction models are tailored for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery ...