Genetic change plays a critical role in the adaptation and evolution of bacteria. By acquiring new genes and traits, bacteria ...

The problem of antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) pollution in the environment has become one of the most severe public health ...

The presence of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, transposons, and integrons, greatly enhances the frequency of HGT. These elements facilitate the movement of genes within and between ...

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is essential for genome evolution across the tree of life and has an important role in archaeal speciation, adaptation, and maintenance of diversity. Many of the ...

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms have developed genetic mechanisms by which they can evolve to adapt to and meet the challenges thrown at them by a changing environment. One process by which ...